Brazil:
Geography

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Other pages in this profile of Brazil:
People, Government, Economy, Communications & Transportation, Military & Transnational Issues.


Background	Definition Following three centuries under the rule of Portugal, Brazil became an independent nation in 1822 and a republic in 1889. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil overcame more than half a century of military intervention in the governance of the country when in 1985 the military regime peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development of its interior. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, it is today South America's leading economic power and a regional leader. Highly unequal income distribution and crime remain pressing problems.

Location	Definition Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean
Geographic coordinates	Definition 10 00 S, 55 00 W
Map references	Definition South America
Area	Definition - World rank and map total: 8,511,965 sq km land: 8,456,510 sq km water: 55,455 sq km note: includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo
Area - comparative	Definition slightly smaller than the US
Land boundaries	Definition total: 16,885 km border countries: Argentina 1,261 km, Bolivia 3,423 km, Colombia 1,644 km, French Guiana 730 km, Guyana 1,606 km, Paraguay 1,365 km, Peru 2,995 km, Suriname 593 km, Uruguay 1,068 km, Venezuela 2,200 km
Coastline	Definition 7,491 km
Maritime claims	Definition territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental margin
Climate	Definition mostly tropical, but temperate in south
Terrain	Definition mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt
Elevation extremes	Definition lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico da Neblina 3,014 m
Natural resources	Definition bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber
Land use	Definition - World rank and map arable land: 6.93% permanent crops: 0.89% other: 92.18% (2005)
Irrigated land	Definition 29,200 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources	Definition 8,233 cu km (2000)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)	Definition total: 59.3 cu km/yr (20%/18%/62%) per capita: 318 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards	Definition recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south
Environment - current issues	Definition deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; there is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills
Environment - international agreements	Definition party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note	Definition largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador

Brazil: Geography

Brazil:
Geography