Burundi:
Geography

Pages for other countries and territories

Other pages in this profile of Burundi:
People, Government, Economy, Communications & Transportation, Military & Transnational Issues.


Background	Definition Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that led to an integrated defense force, established a new constitution in 2005, and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The new government, led by President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, signed a South African brokered ceasefire with the country's last rebel group in September of 2006 but still faces many challenges.

Location	Definition Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Geographic coordinates	Definition 3 30 S, 30 00 E
Map references	Definition Africa
Area	Definition - World rank and map total: 27,830 sq km land: 25,650 sq km water: 2,180 sq km
Area - comparative	Definition slightly smaller than Maryland
Land boundaries	Definition total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km
Coastline	Definition 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims	Definition none (landlocked)
Climate	Definition equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)
Terrain	Definition hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains
Elevation extremes	Definition lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Heha 2,670 m
Natural resources	Definition nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone
Land use	Definition - World rank and map arable land: 35.57% permanent crops: 13.12% other: 51.31% (2005)
Irrigated land	Definition 210 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources	Definition 3.6 cu km (1987)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)	Definition total: 0.29 cu km/yr (17%/6%/77%) per capita: 38 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards	Definition flooding, landslides, drought
Environment - current issues	Definition soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Environment - international agreements	Definition party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Geography - note	Definition landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile

Burundi: Geography

Burundi:
Geography