Romania:
Geography

Pages for other countries and territories

Other pages in this profile of Romania:
People, Government, Economy, Communications & Transportation, Military & Transnational Issues.


Background	Definition The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they united in 1859 and a few years later adopted the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I and acquired new territories - most notably Transylvania - following the conflict. In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun by the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a Communist "people's republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former Communists dominated the government until 1996 when they were swept from power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007.

Location	Definition Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
Geographic coordinates	Definition 46 00 N, 25 00 E
Map references	Definition Europe
Area	Definition - World rank and map total: 237,500 sq km land: 230,340 sq km water: 7,160 sq km
Area - comparative	Definition slightly smaller than Oregon
Land boundaries	Definition total: 2,508 km border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km
Coastline	Definition 225 km
Maritime claims	Definition territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate	Definition temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
Terrain	Definition central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Elevation extremes	Definition lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Moldoveanu 2,544 m
Natural resources	Definition petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydropower
Land use	Definition - World rank and map arable land: 39.49% permanent crops: 1.92% other: 58.59% (2005)
Irrigated land	Definition 30,770 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources	Definition 42.3 cu km (2003)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)	Definition total: 6.5 cu km/yr (9%/34%/57%) per capita: 299 cu m/yr (2003)
Natural hazards	Definition earthquakes, most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides
Environment - current issues	Definition soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands
Environment - international agreements	Definition party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note	Definition controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine

Romania: Geography

Romania:
Geography