Ghana:
Military & Transnational Issues


Military branches	Definition Ghanaian Army, Ghanaian Navy, Ghanaian Air Force (2007)
Military service age and obligation	Definition 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2008)
Manpower available for military service	Definition males age 16-49: 5,802,096 females age 16-49: 5,729,939 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service	Definition - World rank and map males age 16-49: 3,737,481 females age 16-49: 3,729,699 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually	Definition males age 16-49: 273,265 females age 16-49: 267,204 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	Definition - World rank and map 0.8% (2006 est.)

Disputes - international	Definition Ghana struggles to accommodate returning nationals who worked in the cocoa plantations and escaped fighting in Cote d'Ivoire
Refugees and internally displaced persons	Definition refugees (country of origin): 35,653 (Liberia); 8,517 (Togo) (2007)
Illicit drugs	Definition illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money laundering center; significant domestic cocaine and cannabis use